swimming injuries

1. Swimmer's Shoulder (Subacromial Impingement / Rotator Cuff Tendonitis)

• Cause: Repetitive overhead movements (front crawl, butterfly, backstroke).
• Affected structures: Rotator cuff tendons, subacromial bursa, labrum.
• Symptoms: Pain in the front or side of the shoulder, especially when swimming.

2. Brewer's knee (medial collateral ligament sprain)

• Cause: Repetitive leg movement in breaststroke (whip kick).
• Affected structures: Medial collateral ligament, meniscus, patellofemoral joint.
• Symptoms: Pain inside the knee, swelling, stiffness.

3. Lower back pain (lumbar sprain / hyperextension)

• Cause: Repeated hyperextension during the butterfly or dolphin kick.
• Affected structures: Lumbar muscles, facet joints, intervertebral discs.
• Symptoms: Dull or sharp pain in the lower back, after or during training.

4. Neck tension

• Cause: Poor breathing technique (lifting the head too high in crawl or butterfly).
• Symptoms: Neck stiffness, muscle tension, sometimes radiating pain.

5. Swimmer's ear (otitis externa)

• Cause: Water trapped in the ear canal after long sessions.
• Symptoms: Itching, pain, sometimes discharge or hearing loss.

6. Hip impingement (femoroacetabular impingement – ​​FAI)

• Cause: Repeated flexion and rotation of the hip, especially in breaststroke.
• Symptoms: Groin pain, stiffness, sometimes a feeling of locking or popping.

7. Tendinopathies (long head of the biceps, Achilles tendon, etc.)

• Cause: Overuse, muscle imbalances or poor joint mechanics.
• Symptoms: Pain localized to the tendon, especially near its insertion.